What does the DSM-5 define as substance use disorder?

The DSM-5 defines substance use disorder as a problematic pattern of substance use that leads to clinically significant impairment or distress. This definition emphasizes that the individual experiences difficulties in functioning or significant emotional distress as a result of their substance use. To be classified as a substance use disorder, the pattern of use must result in negative consequences, affecting various aspects of an individual's life, such as social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

This perspective is crucial for clinicians as it guides the assessment and treatment approach, focusing on the severity of the disorder and the impact on the individual’s life. Clinically significant impairment or distress can manifest in various ways, including health issues, strained relationships, and challenges in work or daily activities.

The other options present views that do not align with the DSM-5 criteria. For instance, a harmless pattern of substance use would not meet the criteria for a disorder, and a temporary phase of use or a condition that resolves on its own disregards the need for comprehensive assessment and potential intervention if significant issues are present.