What is the difference between substance use and substance misuse?

Substance use and substance misuse are terms that describe different aspects of how substances, particularly drugs and alcohol, are consumed and the consequences of that consumption.

The definition of substance use encompasses the act of consuming a substance, which can include both legal and illegal substances. This term does not inherently carry a value judgment about the behavior, meaning it does not indicate whether the use is appropriate or inappropriate.

In contrast, substance misuse refers specifically to patterns of use that can be harmful or risky. This includes using substances in ways that are not intended or recommended, leading to negative consequences for the individual or others. Misuse can encompass using a substance in excessive amounts, using a substance for purposes other than those intended, or engaging in consumption that results in adverse health effects, societal issues, or legal problems.

Recognizing this distinction is significant for understanding the spectrum of substance-related behaviors and for guiding appropriate interventions. Misuse often indicates a level of concern or the need for additional support, as it implies that the use has crossed a threshold into detrimental territory, whereas substance use might simply reflect normal, recreational consumption.