What is the primary component of alcohol?

The primary component of alcohol, particularly in the context of beverages consumed by humans, is ethyl alcohol, also known as ethanol. Ethanol is the specific type of alcohol that is safe for human consumption in moderate amounts and is the active ingredient in alcoholic drinks. It is the substance that produces the effects associated with drinking, such as intoxication and relaxation.

While methanol, isopropyl alcohol, and butyl alcohol are all types of alcohol, they serve different purposes and can be toxic to humans. Methanol is used as an industrial solvent and antifreeze and can cause severe poisoning if ingested. Isopropyl alcohol, commonly known as rubbing alcohol, is used for disinfecting purposes and is also harmful if consumed. Butyl alcohol is used primarily as an industrial solvent. Therefore, among these options, ethyl alcohol is uniquely recognized for its consumption and psychoactive properties, making it the correct choice in this question regarding the primary component of alcohol.