What is the primary role of the hippocampus in the brain?

The primary role of the hippocampus is forming long-term memories. This structure is critically involved in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory. It helps to process and store memories related to experiences and knowledge, making it essential for tasks such as learning new information and recalling past events.

The hippocampus is particularly important in various types of memory including spatial memory, which is vital for navigation and remember locations, as well as declarative memory, which allows for the recollection of facts and events. Damage to the hippocampus can lead to significant memory difficulties, underscoring its central role in memory formation.

While other brain regions contribute to different aspects of cognition and behavior, such as emotional responses and motor functions, these functions are not the primary responsibilities of the hippocampus. Thus, the option pertaining to long-term memory formation accurately reflects the main role of this brain structure.