What is the term for the compulsive need to consume a substance despite negative consequences?

The term that describes the compulsive need to consume a substance despite experiencing negative consequences is addiction. Addiction is characterized by a loss of control over the use of a substance, resulting in persistent cravings and continued use despite the adverse effects that such behavior may have on one's health, relationships, and overall well-being. It encompasses not only physical dependence on a substance but also psychological aspects, which include compulsive behavior.

Compulsion, while related, does not fully capture the complexity of addiction, as it typically refers to a strong, often irrational urge to perform a behavior. Withdrawal involves the physical and mental symptoms that occur when a substance is reduced or eliminated, reflecting the body's adjustment to living without the substance. Dependence refers to a physiological state where the body adapts to the substance, leading to tolerance and potential withdrawal symptoms, but it does not necessarily include the compulsive desire to consume. Thus, addiction is the most appropriate term for the situation presented in the question.